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Background: Coal?fired thermal power plants (TPPs) have a serious impact on soil, air, and water quality resulting in deterioration of health and environment around the plant. Objective: The present study was undertaken with the objectives of assessing the respiratory health status of the population around the plant and to measure selected heavy metals in fly ash, air, water, and soil samples. Materials and Methods: The current cross?sectional study was conducted among 3533 adult residents living in two strata within 10 km radius around the TPP in Udupi district of Karnataka state. Data were collected by using semi-structured questionnaire and spirometry and environmental air monitoring by DustTrak aerosol monitor, water, and soil samples were collected for analysis. Results: Majority of the study participants were in the age group of >45 years (41.4%). 70.6% were females and 0.39% were trans?genders. 4.3% were suffering from various respiratory problems. Bivariable logistic regression showed subjects aged 46–65 years and >65 years have 2.91 times and 4.42 times higher odds of respiratory disease as compared to those with age ?45 years. Multivariable logistic regression showed significant association between higher age group (P < 0.0001) and in subjects who had closed window during cooking (P < 0.006). Levels of heavy metals in soil samples and particulate matter 2.5 were well within permissible limits whereas the ground water samples had excess levels of iron, manganese, and copper. Conclusion: The present study has implications for policymaking to protect the environment and health of vulnerable populations in industrial clusters and the vicinity of power plants.
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Background: The objective of the study was to study morbidity and mortality patterns in patients with carcinoma oesophagus who underwent minimally invasive esophagectomy (MIE) in a tertiary centre for oncology in South India.Methods: This was a retrospective observational study of 20 patients with carcinoma esophagus who underwent minimally invasive esophagectomy in center for oncology, Government Royapettah Hospital. Medical records of all these patients treated from September 2016 to August 2019 were collected from medical records department and details regarding the type of lesion, site of the lesion, preoperative chemoradiotherapy, type of surgery performed and post-operative complications were analyzed.Results: Out of 20 patients who underwent minimally invasive esophagectomy 13 were female and 7 were male. Among these 18 had squamous cell carcinoma, 2 had adenocarcinoma. Thirteen patients had lesion in middle third oesophagus and 7 patients had lesion in lower third oesophagus. Nineteen patients underwent surgery after chemoradiation and one patient underwent upfront surgery. Twelve patients underwent thoracolaparoscopic esophagectomy and 8 patients underwent trans hiatal esophagectomy. Perioperative complications were seen in 8 patients of whom pulmonary complications seen in 6 were most common. Anastomotic leaks occurred in 4 patients of which 2 patients were reoperated. One patient died within 30 days of surgery. Voice change and ECG abnormalities occurred in 2 patients each.Conclusions: Minimally invasive esophagectomy is safe and associated with comparable morbidity. Though the initial learning curve is steep, it helps in faster recovery of the patient. Also, the peri-operative outcome tends to improve with experience.
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Introduction: The subtrochanteric fractures are one of thecommon fractures that every trauma surgeon come acrosson daily basis. The most of these fractures are treated eitherintramedullary device or a side plate. Among side plates, thechoice between the implants like DCS and DHS is variedamong the different surgeons. We made an analysis of resultsof Dynamic Condylar Screw with the aim to find out the useof that implant in selective fracture types.Material and Methods: A prospective study during 2014 to2015 was done in our institute. The study period is 1 year. Thepatients who opted for surgical treatment only were chosen.They were undergoing surgery under spinal anaesthesia, usingfracture table under image intensifier. The position of fracturereduction was checked in anterior posterior and lateral imageintensifier views. The post-operative assessment was doneat 3weeks, 6 weeks and 3months intervals with regard toradiological union and clinical outcomes. Data was analysedand expressed in terms of percentages.Result: the female to male ratio was 1:1.55. The average ageamong males is 58years and of females is 54 years. The rightside and left side were involved equally (n=28). Most of thepatients were injured by fall at home 39.2% (n=11), due toRTA 32.1% (n=9) and 28.5% (n=8) subjects were injureddue to self-inflicted road accidents. Limb shortening is mostcommon complication, which is there for 17.85% (n=5) ofpatientsConclusion: Dynamic Condylar Screw (DCS) provide goodfixation for subtrochanteric fractures with better results interms of stability and fracture union. Procedure has a fewercomplication rates if cases were selected carefully.
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Background: To evaluate the effects of preoperative Gabapentin on postoperative relief of pain in patients scheduled for surgery under general anaesthesia. Post-operative ward and OT Department of Anaesthesia, JAH, GR Medical College, Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh, India.Methods: The sixty patients subjected to ASA grade I and II posted for elective surgeries under general anaesthesia were randomized into 2 groups. One and half hour before surgery, Gabapentin 600 mg and placebo was given blindly to selected patients for the study. The postoperative pain was assessed with visual analogue score. Pain and side effects assessment were performed.Results: Total 60 patients of ASA grade I and II posted for elective surgeries under GA were randomized into 2 groups. One and half hour before surgery, the drug selected for the study was given blindly with a sip of water. The mean (±SD) of VAS score was 5.86±0.34 in Group B and 5.10±0.84 in Group A. VAS score was significantly lower in Group A. With oral Gabapentin time required for rescue analgesia is delayed as compared to control group. The mean (±SD) TRA-1 was 38.40±24.61 in Group B and 44.03±8.94 in Group A.Conclusions: Preoperative oral Gabapentin significantly decreases the severity of pain postoperatively as compared to placebo in patients posted for surgery. Time for analgesic requirement is more with oral Gabapentin. The VAS score was lower in Gabapentin group.
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Introduction: Leishmania donovani is an intracellular protozoan parasite of genus Leishmania. It causes Visceral leishmaniasis (VL), which is a disseminated and serious form of leishmaniasis. VL causes an estimated 500,000 new cases of disease and 60,000 deaths every year. VL is deadly and debilitating disease affecting children of Bihar and U.P. Antimony resistance is a serious problem, Amphotericin B and Pentamidine are effective by parenteral administration, associated with toxicities. Thus there is a need for an effective, orally administered, non–toxic and less expensive alternative drug like Miltefosine, to be used in children. Aims and Objectives: The present study was designed to observe the efficacy of Miltefosine in VL, in Bihar by evaluating the usage of adult dosage of Miltefosine (2.5 mg/kg/d for 28 days) in 160 children (age, 2–11 years). Materials and Methods: Our study is an open–label, clinical trial involving 160 patients admitted at JLNMCH, Bhagalpur, Bihar who were parasitologically proven cases of VL who received Miltefosine and were followed up for the following one year. Results: Out of 160 children, 2 died of pneumonia, other 158 patients demonstrated no parasites after treatment and improved clinically. 6 patients relapsed, 2 patients lost follow–up. Cure rate was 94% .Side effects included vomiting or diarrhea (each 25%) and transient elevations in the AST level (55%). Conclusions: The present study concludes that Miltefosine is effective, well tolerated, and easily administrable oral drug in the treatment of VL in Children in resource poor country like India
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Achalasia is a motility disorder of the esophagus that is characterized by loss of ganglionic neurons within the myenteric plexus of the lower esophageal sphincter (LES) resulting in failure of the LES to relax. Clinically this disorder presents with simultaneous dysphagia to solids and liquids, and if left untreated, leads to esophageal dilation, which can give rise to many adverse consequences. Extrinsic compression of respiratory structures is one such consequence, and rarely, cases of tracheal compression secondary to achalasia have been reported. However, cases of extrinsic bronchial compression are yet rarer. Here, we present a case series comprised of two patients with achalasia who presented with extrinsic bronchial compression by a dilated esophagus secondary to achalasia.
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Humans , Airway Obstruction , Cardia , Deglutition Disorders , Esophageal Achalasia , Esophageal Motility Disorders , Esophageal Sphincter, Lower , Esophagus , Ganglion Cysts , Myenteric Plexus , NeuronsABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION:Enteric fever, caused by Salmonella typhi and Salmonella paratyphi, is the leading cause of bacterial feile disease in South Asia. Enteric fever is a systemic infection caused by the bacteria, Salmonella Typhi (S. typhi) and Salmonella Paratyphi (S. paratyphi A, B and C). Disease burden is more in the developing countries like India. There is day by day increase in the multidrug resistant strains. OBJECTIVES: The present study was conducted to assess the efficacy of azithromycin as a first line antibiotic in the treatment of uncomplicated enteric fever. METHODS: This case series study was conducted in JawaharLal Nehru Medical College And Hospital, Bhagalpur, Bihar in which180 children between 2– 12 years of age were enrolled for the study. Those patients who were Typhidot and/or blood culture positive were included in this study and treated with azithromycin 20mg/kg/ single dose daily for 7 days. RESULTS: In the present study, out of the 180 children enrolled, 162 (90.00%) completed the study and eighteen children lost to follow up. Male to female ratio was 1.5:1 andthe common age group in which typhoid fever was seen, was found to be 6–10 years. S. typhi was isolated in 10 (6.17%) cases and all achieved bacteriological cure by day 7. Mean (SD) duration of fever at presentation was 6±2.07 days. Clinical cure was seen in 152 (93.82%) subjects. Mean day of response was 4 days. There was no death or serious adverse effects observed in our study. CONCLUSION: In our study it was found that Azithromycin was safe and efficacious for the management of uncomplicated typhoid fever in a dose of 20 mg/kg/day per oral once a day for seven days.Oral azithromycin could be a convenient and cheap alternative for the treatment of typhoid fever, especially in children in developing countries like India where medical resources are scarce.
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Obesity and insulin resistance (IR) are associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM). Obesity can be quantified by body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC). Similarly, IR is commonly quantified by fasting-plasma-insulin (FPI) and Homeostatic model assessment (HOMA-IR). We aimed our study to find correlation between obesity-parameters and IR especially in the Indian population where despite lower BMI there is more prevalence of type 2 DM. In 34 uncomplicated patients of type 2 DM weight and WC were measured and BMI was calculated. HOMA-IR and FPI level were estimated to assess IR. Significant correlation was found between HOMA-IR and WC (r = +0.368, P = 0.0324) but it was non-significant between HOMAIR and BMI. Correlations were also not significant between FPI and WC or BMI.In conclusion, HOMA-IR and WC are better measures of IR and obesity as compared to FPI and BMI, respectively in type 2 DM.
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Obesity and insulin resistance (IR) are associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM). Obesity can be quantified by body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC). Similarly, IR is commonly quantified by fasting-plasma-insulin (FPI) and Homeostatic model assessment (HOMA-IR). We aimed our study to find correlation between obesity-parameters and IR especially in the Indian population where despite lower BMI there is more prevalence of type 2 DM. In 34 uncomplicated patients of type 2 DM weight and WC were measured and BMI was calculated. HOMA-IR and FPI level were estimated to assess IR. Significant correlation was found between HOMA-IR and WC (r = +0.368, P = 0.0324) but it was non-significant between HOMAIR and BMI. Correlations were also not significant between FPI and WC or BMI.In conclusion, HOMA-IR and WC are better measures of IR and obesity as compared to FPI and BMI, respectively in type 2 DM.
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Aims: The present study was conducted with a view to develop an efficient protocol for high frequency plant regeneration of Brassica campestris for further crop improvement program by biotechnological manipulation and to optimize this system for regeneration of a number of B. campestris genotypes. Study Design: Completely Randomized Design. Place and Duration of Study: This experiment was carried out in the Genetic Engineering Laboratory of the Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Sylhet Agricultural University, Bangladesh during the period of July 2013 to June 2014. Methodology: Cotyledon and hypocotyl explants of B. campestris cv. BARI sarisha-12 were cultured on MS medium supplemented with different concentrations of 6-Benzylaminopurine (BAP) and α-Naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) for callus initiation and shoot regeneration. Later on subsequent subculturing is done for shoot elongation and multiplication. MS medium supplemented with various concentrations of NAA were used for root formation. Results: From a total of 15 different combinations of BAP and NAA tested, the combination of 1.0 mg L-1 BAP and 0.5 mg L-1 NAA gave the highest frequency of callus initiation (94.44%) as well as shoot regeneration (63.89%) in case of cotyledon explants where as hypocotyl explants showed 47.62% callus initiation and 19.04% shoot regeneration frequency. Four days old cotyledon explants showed the highest shoot regeneration frequency (72.22%) and higher number of shoots per explant (3.94) than those from older seedling. The shoot regeneration frequency markedly enhanced to 83.33% by the addition of 2.0 mg L-1 AgNO3 to the MS medium supplemented with 1.0 mg L-1 BAP, 0.5 mg L-1 NAA and this combination also showed the maximum number of shoots per explant (6.86). Shoot regeneration potentiality of five B. campestris genotypes were investigated and indicated that this system would be widely applicable to all the genotypes. The regenerated shoots were easily rooted on MS medium supplemented with 0.2 mg L-1 NAA and the whole plants were transferred to pot soils and grown to maturity. Conclusion: MS medium supplemented with 1.0 mg L-1 BAP, 0.5 mg L-1 NAA and 2.0 mg L-1 AgNO3 is more efficient for multiple shoot regeneration by using cotyledon explants and it may be utilized for In vitro improvement program of B. campestris.
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BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Parkinson's disease (PD) and multiple-system atrophy of the parkinsonian type (MSA-P) are progressive neurodegenerative disorders that in addition to dysfunction of the motor system also present with features of dysautonomia, frequently manifesting as orthostatic hypotension (OH). The pathophysiology of OH has been proposed to differ between these two disorders. This study investigated the spontaneous and cardiovagal baroreflex sensitivity (BRS) in Parkinson's disease patients with orthostatic hypotension (PD(OH)) and multiple system atrophy of Parkinsonian type with orthostatic hypotension in an attempt to differentiate the two disorders. METHODS: Two methods were used for determining the BRS: a spontaneous method (spontaneous BRS) and the reflexive baroreflex gain (cardiovagal BRS) from phases II and IV of the Valsalva maneuver (VM) in PD(OH) and MSA-P(OH). RESULTS: The spontaneous BRS (5.04±0.66 ms/mm Hg vs. 4.78±0.64 ms/mm Hg, p=0.54) and the cardiovagal BRS from phase II of the VM (0.96±0.75 ms/mm Hg vs. 1.34±1.51 ms/mm Hg, p=0.76) did not differ between PD(OH) and MSA-P(OH), but the cardiovagal BRS from phase IV of the VM (0.03±0.07 ms/mm Hg vs. 2.86±2.39 ms/mm Hg, p=0.004) was significantly lower in PD(OH). CONCLUSIONS: The cardiovagal BRS from phase IV of the VM has potential for differentiating PD(OH) and MSA-P(OH), indicating a difference in the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying the autonomic dysfunction in the two disorders.
Subject(s)
Humans , Atrophy , Baroreflex , Hypotension, Orthostatic , Multiple System Atrophy , Neurodegenerative Diseases , Parkinson Disease , Primary Dysautonomias , Reflex , Valsalva ManeuverABSTRACT
The Tetralogy Fallot was one of the commonest Right to Left shunting disease in the children. TOF is most common in association with brain abscess (13-70%). This case is of a 3 year old child who had tetralogy of Fallot (uncorrected) and was to be taken for drainage of Fronto-Parietal sub dural abscess via Burr hole. The abscess was drained and patient was shifted with inotropes and ventilator support. In next 24 hours patient improved and supports were gradually withdrawn
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Objective : The objective of the study was to observe the effect of controlled breathing exercises including Sudarshan Kriya (SK) and Prana-Yoga (PY) on the psycho-physiological status. Methods : The study group included 60 healthy volunteers (M:30, F:30) in the age group of 18 to 30 years (21.3±3.2 yrs), randomly divided in to three groups of 20 subjects each – (1) The SK group (2) the PY group and the (3) Control group. The psycho-physiological data was collected at the following four time interventions: Baseline, 6th, 60th and the 150th day. Psychological assessment was done using questionnaires and for the autonomic tone quantification Heart Rate Variability (HRV) analysis was done using the standard lead II electrocardiogram recordings. In a post-hoc analysis each group was further sub divided in to the following two patterns, based on the baseline values of normalized Low Frequency (LF) power (cutoff 64 ms2) : (i) Pattern A-Subjects with low level LF power, and (ii) Pattern B- subjects with high level LF power. Results : The stress management skills have shown significant increase in SK group but not in PY and Control group. Subjects of SK, PY, and control group showed significant increase in LF value and LF:HF ratio for pattern A and significant decrease for pattern B. Plotted LF value for pattern A & B in SK and PY practitioners showed convergence, coming to a mean value over the period of 150 days.The LF:HF ratio curve plotted over time for pattern A & B showed convergence in SK group only. No such convergence in LF value & LF/HF ratio for pattern A & B was seen in control group. Conclusion : In conclusion, Sudarshan Kriya positively modifies stress coping behavior and initiates appropriate balance in cardiac autonomic tone.
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OBJECTIVE: To analyze and determine anatomical restoration by using percutaneous cross pinning v/s two lateral pinning, functional outcome in these modalities, assess the complications in these methods of treatment and compare patient acceptance of each method
METHODOLOGY: This was a comparative cross sectional study carried out in the department of Orthopeadic Unit-I, Liaquat University Hospital [LUH] Hyderabad from 01-11-2010 to 31-10-2012
This study consisted of 40 patients admitted through the out patient department as well as casuality department. Detailed clinical examination of the patient was done and recorded in proforma
All patients underwent base line and specific investigations especially x-ray
RESULTS: In this study percutaneous cross pinning group 17[85%] were male and 3[15%] female
In two lateral pinning group 18[90 %] were male and 2[10 %] female. There was wide variation of age ranging from a minimum of 3 years to 13 years in both groups. The mean age was 7.25+3.22 years. The major cause of fracture in this study was fall while playing in 21 patients [52.5%], followed by fall from bicycle in 11 patients [27.5%] and in 8 patients [20%] were due to fall from tree [5 to 7 feets height]. In our study, we have 26[65%] patients with postero-medial displacement and 14 [35%] patients with postero-lateral displacement. The complications were seen Superficial pin tract infection [0%] patients in Percutaneous Cross Pinning VS 1[05%] patients in Two Lateral Pinning group, Non Union 1[05%] patients in Percutaneous Cross pinning VS 2[10%] patients in Two Lateral Pinning group group], K-wire migration 1[05%] patients in Per Cutaneous Cross pinning VS 2 [10%] patients in Two Lateral Pinning group group]. Outcome according to flynn criteria were seen in this study, carrying angle loss 2[10%] patients in Per Cutaneous Cross pinning VS 4[20%] patients in Two Lateral Pinning group] and loss of motion 3[15%] patients in Per Cutaneous Cross pinning VS 5[25%] patients in Two Lateral Pinning group
CONCLUSION: The management with percutaneous cross pinning is better method of treating Supra-condylar fractures of humerus and more predictable as compare to that of two lateral pinning
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OBJECTIVES: To compare the functional outcome and the complications of plaster cast and orthofix in the management of distal radius fracture
SETTING: Department of orthopaedic surgery and truamatology [DOST] Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences [LUMHS] Jamshoro
STUDY DESIGN: Comparative Study
DURATION OF STUDY: 18 months from 2[nd] March 2012 to 1[st] September 2013
MATERIAL and METHODS: A total of 40 patients fulfilled the inclusion criteria were included in this study. Patients were randomized allocating to either treatment with conventional closed method [group I] or orthofix [group II]. After one week of the initial treatment, patients of either group were followed in the orthopaedic wards and OPD. Clinical and radiological assessment was carried out and recorded. Subsequently, patients were advised for follow up for six weeks
After removal of either plaster or orthofix; patient was reviewed at monthly interval to access the wrist function. Data was collected on Performa
RESULTS: There were statistically significant differences between the orthofix group and plaster cast group on the average, regarding radial length, radial angle, palmar tilt, p value was calculated 0.05, 0.004 and 0.0005 respectively
All patients in orthofix group achieved union and maintained good reduction after closed reduction of the fracture. Complications were seen among both the groups; Mal-union, Stiff hand and Non union, Pressure sore, Shoulder stiffness were not significant between groups
CONCLUSION: it is concluded from this study that external fixator one of the best tool have over edge on plaster cast in the treatment of distal radius fracture Department of Orthopedic
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Medicinal plants and herbal preparations are gaining renowned interest in scientific communities nowadays due to their reliable pharmacological actions and affordability to common people which makes them effective in control of various diseases. Polygonum minus (Polygonaceae) locally known as kesum is an aromatic plant commonly used in Malay delicacies. The plant is having potential applications due to its high volatile oil constituents in perfumes and powerful antioxidant activity. It has been used traditionally to treat various ailments including dandruff. The research has been carried out by various researchers using different in vitro and in vivo models for biological evaluations to support these claims. This review paper may help upcoming research activities on Polygonum minus by giving up to date information on the phytochemical constituents and medicinal properties of kesum to a possible extent with relevant data.
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Medicinal plants and herbal preparations are gaining renowned interest in scientific communities nowadays due to their reliable pharmacological actions and affordability to common people which makes them effective in control of various diseases. Polygonum minus (Polygonaceae) locally known as kesum is an aromatic plant commonly used in Malay delicacies. The plant is having potential applications due to its high volatile oil constituents in perfumes and powerful antioxidant activity. It has been used traditionally to treat various ailments including dandruff. The research has been carried out by various researchers using different in vitro and in vivo models for biological evaluations to support these claims. This review paper may help upcoming research activities on Polygonum minus by giving up to date information on the phytochemical constituents and medicinal properties of kesum to a possible extent with relevant data.
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Anatomical variations are typically more common in the extensor compartment of the forearm, but uncommon in the flexor compartment. The presence of such anatomical anomalies is not usually noticed until the normal functions of an individual become hindered, or when these anomalies become a surgical problem. During routine dissection curriculum, we encountered a rare finding of bilateral Gantzer muscles in a cadaver. We describe the relationship between the Gantzer muscle and anterior interosseous nerve syndrome.
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Humans , Cadaver , Diagnosis, Differential , Dissection , Forearm , Congenital Abnormalities , Median Nerve , Models, Anatomic , Muscle, Skeletal , Congenital AbnormalitiesABSTRACT
Background & objectives: Cardiovascular complications may lead to mortality in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). We assessed heart rate variability (HRV), an important autonomic function, to quantify the risk for cardiovascular complications in Indian patients with RA. Methods: The study was carried out in RA patients (n=45) diagnosed as per American College of Rheumatology criteria and healthy controls. HRV recording and analysis was done using Nevrokard software using time and frequency domain analyses. The overall autonomic tone, parasympathetic drive, sympathetic drive and sympatho-vagal ratio were quantified by using various parameters. It included standard deviation of all R-R intervals (SDNN), standard deviation of successive differences between adjoining normal cycles (SDSD), root-mean square of successive differences (RMSSD), and number of R-R intervals differing by >50 ms from adjacent intervals (NN50) in the time domain analysis. In frequency domain analysis, low frequency (LF) and high frequency (HF), LF/HF and total power were assessed. Results: Demographic profile was comparable between groups; however, systolic BP was higher in patients with RA. SDNN, SDSD, RMSSD, NN50, LF and HF power and total power (ms × ms) were significantly lower in patients with RA versus healthy controls (P<0.001). Disease activity score at 28 joints indicating severity of the disease was significantly and positively correlated with SDSD (r=0.375, R2=14.06; P=0.045) while LF and HF power (ms × ms) were significantly and inversely correlated with rheumatoid factor (r=-0.438 and -0.445; R2=19.1 and 19.8; P=0.017 and 0.016, respectively). Interpretation & conclusions: HRV was significantly altered in patients with RA and independently associated with disease activity. Hence autonomic function testing, using HRV, may be useful as part of cardiovascular risk assessment in these patients.
Subject(s)
Arthritis, Rheumatoid/complications , Cardiovascular Diseases/complications , Cardiovascular Diseases/physiology , Heart Diseases/complications , Heart Diseases/physiology , Heart Rate/physiology , Humans , India , Severity of Illness IndexABSTRACT
The aim of this study was to observe the effect of Latanoprost in lowering intraocular pressure [IOP] in primary open angle glaucoma [POAG] patients. Prospective, open- label, Observational Study. This study was conducted at the Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Basic Medical Sciences Institute, Jinnah Post-graduate Medical Centre, Karachi from February 2008 to July 2008. Thirty patients of POAG were enrolled and were treated with Latanoprost 0.005% eye drops for 12 weeks. The parameter examined was IOP by using Goldmann applanation tonometer. The results have been expressed as mean +/- SEM. The mean IOP of both eyes decreased significantly [from 27.16 +/- 0.19 mmHg to 17.94 +/- 0.23 mmHg; p<0.001]. The average percentage reduction in IOP was -33.94% from week 0 to week 12. Latanoprost 0.005% eye drops may become an important choice as a monotherapy for primary open angle glaucoma patients